Methodology / deterministic core

Nothing important is hidden behind the result.

The tools use visible inputs, versioned rules, and deterministic math. The same validated inputs produce the same result without a model call or hidden household lookup.

01 / Result states

Directional when the evidence is clear. Uncertain when it is not.

Evidence adds points toward repair or replacement. A three-point margin is required for a directional state. A closer result is reported as uncertain, without forcing a verdict.

RepairRepair score leads by 3 or more
ReplaceReplacement score leads by 3 or more
UncertainMargin remains between -2 and +2
Safety reviewAny reported safety concern overrides the financial state

02 / Financial frame

Compare only the costs that still change.

Prior repair spending informs the reliability signal, but it is not subtracted from replacement because that money is already spent.

Net replacementinstalled cost − verified incentives
Repair burden(current repair + prior repairs) ÷ likely net replacement
Replace-now premiumnet replacement − repair − PV operating savings
Simple break-evenlikely incremental cost ÷ annual operating savings

03 / Evidence signals

The ledger rewards patterns, not a single magic number.

SignalRepairReplace
Well below planning age+20
At or beyond planning age0+2
Repair burden below 15%+20
Repair burden at least 50%0+2
No failures in 24 months+10
Two or more failures0+2
Severe performance issue0+2
Repair warranty of at least a year+10

The full ledger also includes repair scope, current operating state, ownership horizon, comfort, and known operating-cost changes.

04 / Quote check

Compare entered quotes, not an invented market benchmark.

Quote Check v1 compares up to three cash prices and reviews nine documentation criteria: price, exact model, efficiency, removal, permits, electrical or controls work, commissioning, ductwork scope, and labor warranty. A quote receives one point for each documented item.

Entered-price medianmedian of positive cash prices entered
Price position(quote − entered median) ÷ entered median
Documentationdocumented criteria ÷ 9

Price position means only lower, near, or higher than the small set entered by the homeowner. It is not a local market-price judgment.

05 / Lifecycle comparisons

Net upfront cost plus the present value of annual costs.

The HVAC and water-heater comparison tools use the same lifecycle method. The homeowner supplies installed cost, confirmed incentives, annual energy cost, annual maintenance allowance, ownership horizon, and discount rate for every option.

Net installed costinstalled cash price − verified incentives
Annual running costannual energy + annual maintenance
Lifecycle totalnet installed + PV of annual running cost

Version 1 does not forecast fuel rates, weather, financing, tax effects, resale value, future equipment replacement, or load. The interface asks the homeowner to test uncertain annual costs directly.

06 / Equipment planner

Planning ages open a research window, never an expiration date.

The device-local planner reports Monitor below 80% of the published planning-age signal, Research from 80% to below the signal, and Prepare at or beyond the signal. The status does not predict failure or replace inspection, condition, maintenance, warranty, or safety.

07 / Safety behavior

Safety does not become another point in a financial score.

A reported concern involving gas, combustion, electricity, pressure, leaking equipment, refrigerant, or another hazard changes the result to professional safety review. The calculator does not diagnose it.

08 / Limits

What this version intentionally leaves out.

  • Future failure probability
  • Resale value and buyer preferences
  • Financing and tax effects
  • Work missing from a contractor quote
  • Professional equipment sizing or diagnosis
  • Guaranteed incentive or rebate eligibility

Planning ages come from ENERGY STAR replacement-consideration guidance and a U.S. Department of Energy water-heater field study. They are signals, not expiration dates.

Ready to apply the method?Open the decision tool ↗